Admin: Filtering Tab
Filtering allows you to limit the items returned by a roll-up to only those that meet the criteria you define. When a filter is performed, the roll-up looks for text matches on the metadata returned by the roll-up. Users can further refine the results by performing searches on a filtered roll-up. Note that filtering allows you to locate data in a specific field, while searching locates data in any field in the list.
There are two available views on the Filtering tab:
• The default view is referenced as the “Filter Builder.” It provides a series of builder fields that make it easier for non-technical individuals to define filters because it is not necessary to know the correct syntax; the fields prompt you for each necessary piece of information.
• The other view is referenced as “Advanced Filter Settings” and it allows you to manually build a basic filter, also known as a static filter. You can use the Basic Filter field to define a filter, or you can use the CAML Filter field to define a filter that utilizes CAML. Click here to jump down to that section of the help.
This topic includes the following subjects:
• Defining a Filter with the Filter Builder
NOTE: To gain the best performance for filters, use the Filter Builder to build your filters; do not use basic filters or the feature to automatically convert basic filters to CAML. If a basic filter was used in a previous release and you want to have it permanently converted to CAML, simply open the Filter Builder and click Apply or OK. This converts the basic filter to CAML, loads the filter into the Filter Builder, and then saves the new CAML filter and deletes the old basic filter.
Defining a Filter with the Filter Builder
When you first access the Filtering tab, the Filter Builder is displayed. Each component of the filter is comprised of three fields:
• The first field presents a drop-down list of all of the fields that are available for filtering. Click to select the field you want to start building your filter with.
• The next field is used to select the desired operator for the filter (is equal to, is less than, contains, etc.).
• The third field is used to identify the value you want the filter to find. You can simply type in the value you want to find, or you can use a function (see “Supported Functions” below).
If you only want to filter on a single field and a single value, all you need to do is click Apply or OK to save your filter. When your filter is saved, it will be converted to CAML automatically. This is done to help improve performance.
NOTE: Do not enter any CAML code in the Filter Builder. The Builder will automatically convert the criteria to CAML for you. If you have criteria that is too complex to enter in the Filter Builder, use the “Click to manually build a filter” link at the bottom of the tab and define the filter in the CAML Filter field.
The following values can be entered into the third entry field for filters based on Boolean fields:
• True
• False
• Yes
• No
• 0 (translates to False)
• 1 (translates to True)
To filter on multiple fields and/or values, you need to define additional filter components. The Filtering tab presents two groups of criteria that can be used:
• The group of fields on the top half of the tab are used to define the “and” components of the filter. The roll-up will only display items that meet all of the criteria entered here. (For example, Status is equal to In Progress AND Priority is equal to High.)
• The group of fields on the lower half of this tab allow you to define the “or” components of the filter. The roll-up will display items that meet any (one or more) of the criteria entered here. (For example, Status is equal to Not Started OR Status is equal to On Hold.)
To define multiple filter components on either the top or bottom half of the tab, click the “Add More Filter Criteria” link in the appropriate section. This adds another set of three builder fields so you can define additional criteria.
NOTE: The Filter Builder works as expected with one, two, or any even number of clauses. However, it needs help with three, five, or any other odd number of clauses. In these cases, the filter must be balanced. Rather than having an odd number of clauses, you will need to add a “dummy” query to create an even number. The dummy query can be an "is not Null" check and exists only to even out the query to be built by the Filter Builder.
The drop-down field in the middle of the tab (below the line) presents two options, Or and And. If you have defined components on both halves of the tab, select the appropriate option for your needs.
• Select “Or” if you want the filter to locate items that meet the criteria on the top half of the tab or any of the criteria on the lower half
• Select “And” if you want the filter to locate items that meet the criteria on the top half of the tab plus at least one of the criteria on the lower half
NOTE: The Filter Builder cannot be used to build the equivalent of this expression:
(A AND B) OR (C AND D)
If you want to create this type of filter, the filter will need to be defined manually.
Supported Functions
The Filter Builder supports the functions listed below. The date functions are all relative to the current date, and can only be used if the filter is defined based on a date field.
• [ME] – The currently logged in user
• [Today] – Today's date
• [CurrentWeekStart] – The first day in the current week
• [CurrentWeekEnd] – The last day in the current week
• [CurrentMonthStart] – The first day in the current month
• [CurrentMonthEnd] – The last day in the current month
• [CurrentYearStart] – The first day in the current year
• [CurrentYearEnd] – The last day in the current year
• [Quarter1Start] – The first day in the first quarter of the current year
• [Quarter1End] – The last day in the first quarter of the current year
• [Quarter2Start] – The first day in the second quarter of the current year
• [Quarter2End] – The last day in the second quarter of the current year
• [Quarter3Start] – The first day in the third quarter of the current year
• [Quarter3End] – The last day in the third quarter of the current year
• [Quarter4Start] – The first day in the fourth quarter of the current year
• [Quarter4End] – The last day in the fourth quarter of the current year
• [OneWeekAgoStart] – The first day of the previous week
• [OneWeekAgoEnd] – The last day of the previous week
• [TwoWeeksAgoStart] – The first day of the week before last
• [TwoWeeksAgoEnd] – The last day of the week before last
• [OneWeekFromNowStart] – The first day of next week
• [OneWeekFromNowEnd] – The last day of next week
• [TwoWeeksFromNowStart] – The first day of the week after next
• [TwoWeeksFromNowEnd] – The last day of the week after next
• [OneMonthAgoStart] – The first day of last month
• [OneMonthAgoEnd] – The last day of last month
• [OneMonthFromNowStart] – The first day of next month
• [OneMonthFromNowEnd] – The last day of next month
NOTE 1: The filter functions [SiteTitle] and [SiteURL] functions are no longer supported.
NOTE 2: The date functions listed above look for list items with a date format of month/date/year (e.g., June 15, 2007 stored as 6/15/2007). As a result, it is not recommended that they be used if international date structures are utilized (e.g., June 15, 2007 stored as 15/6/2007).
Sample Filters
To help you see how filters can be set up, a few sample screen captures are provided here.
Example 1
In this example from the Partner Extranet Dashboard, a filter is defined to locate leads that have been created within the past 30 days.
NOTE: If you wanted to add 30 days to today’s date, rather than subtract them, you could simply type “+30” above instead of “-30”.
Example 2
This example is taken from the Picture Phone Book solution. It looks for contact items where the last name starts with A, B, C, or D.
Example 3
In this example, a filter is defined to look for all items that are due in the third quarter of this year AND EITHER:
• High priority OR
• Not started
Manually Defining a Filter
To access the fields used to manually build a filter, click the “Click to manually build a filter” link at the bottom of the Filter Builder on the Filtering tab. Two main fields are displayed, one where you can build a basic filter and one where you can build a CAML filter. Another link at the bottom of this view allows you to return to the Filter Builder view.
The format for a basic filter (placed in the Basic Filter field) is "Field=SearchText" (Example: Postal Code=11111). The fields available to use for filtering are identified in the Supported Schemas section of this help, on the “Filterable Fields” line of each identified schema. If you have defined your own schema, you can filter on any fields that you have selected as display fields or search fields.
The following values can be used for filters based on Boolean fields:
• True
• False
• Yes
• No
• 0 (translates to False)
• 1 (translates to True)
Supported Operators
The following operators and expressions are supported when defining a basic filter:
• && (And)
• || (Or)
• <> (Not)
• Contains (=)*
• >
• <
• >=
• <=
* When creating a basic filter, the = symbol performs a “Contains” function, not a literal comparison.
The following are not supported by basic filters:
• IS NULL
• IS NOT NULL
• Grouping with parentheses ( )
• Usage of <> on user lookup and calculated fields
Working with Dates
When defining a filter that references dates, keep in mind the following:
• Static dates (e.g., 04/15/2007) are not supported.
• The < and > operators can be used. For example, “Date<7” will return items that are older than 7 days from today.
• The majority of the date functions described earlier for use with the Filter Builder are only supported for use with CAML filters, not basic filters. These date functions are supported for all types of filters:
o [CurrentWeekStart]
o [CurrentWeekEnd]
o [CurrentMonthStart]
o [CurrentMonthEnd]
o [CurrentYearStart]
o [CurrentYearEnd]
• Instead of using a date function, you can build an expression using the Supported Operators listed above. Some common expressions are:
|
Expression |
Meaning |
|
>-1 && <1 (with spaces on either side of the &&, 0 is not supported) |
Today |
|
-1 |
Yesterday |
|
-2 |
The day before yesterday |
|
1 |
Tomorrow |
|
2 |
The day after tomorrow |
Examples
Some examples of filters and connectors are shown here.
Example 1: Show all tasks that are assigned to me, and
are due within seven days
Assigned To=[ME] && Due Date>-1
&& Due Date<7
(Where [ME] = Currently Logged In User)
Example 2: Show all tasks that are assigned to me or
to someone else
Assigned To=[ME] || Assigned To=UserName
Example 3: Show all tasks that have not been
completed
Status <> Complete
NOTE 1: If you define a basic filter in the Basic Filter field and then use the Filter Builder to modify it later, when you click OK, Apply, or another tab, the filter is saved as CAML and the Basic Filter field is cleared.
NOTE 2: If you define a CAML filter on this page, you cannot return to the Filter Builder unless you delete the CAML filter. This is by design.
For more information on filters, visit this site: http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/assistance/HA011611751033.aspx.
Tips on Defining Filters
These tips apply whether you choose to use the Filter Builder or manually define a filter.
Available Columns for Filter Definition
Columns do not have to be displayed in order to be referenced in a filter, but they do need to be searchable. Only searchable columns will be listed in the drop-down field in the Filter Builder. To make a column searchable, the Search box must selected when the roll-up is created or modified via the Roll-Up Wizard. By default, all columns that are selected in the Roll-Up Wizard for display are also marked as searchable.
Contains vs. Is Equal To or =
Because SharePoint sometimes stores data differently than the way it is displayed, you may find that you get better results from your filters when you use the "Contains" operator instead of "Is Equal To" or “=”.
For example, you may see the name "Bob Smith" in a list item that includes the Assigned To field. However, SharePoint stores this name with extra characters, so the actual stored value may be something like "3;#Bob Smith." Therefore, if you want to filter on records that were assigned to Bob, you get the desired results if you build the filter with the "Contains" operator.
Renamed Columns
If you find that a filter does not return the data you expected, it may be because the column(s) being referenced have been renamed. When a column is renamed in a SharePoint list or library, SharePoint displays the new column name in all of the appropriate places. However, in the background, SharePoint keeps the original column name.
The Filtering tab automatically converts all filters to CAML, and CAML filters reference the column’s internal (original) name. So, if you have a roll-up (or an Active Display) that pulls from a list that contains a renamed column and that column is used in the filter, the data from that list will not be displayed.
If you want to see if a column has been renamed, go to the SharePoint list’s “Modify Settings and Columns” option and click on the column as if you want to edit it. Look at the URL. At or near the end of the URL will be the name of the column being edited. If it is different in the URL than the column name that is displayed, it has been renamed.
Using Yes/No Columns vs. Choice Columns with Yes/No Options
It is important to understand the difference between Yes/No columns and Choice columns with Yes and No options.
When you use a Yes/No column, SharePoint stores a “True” value when the field is selected and leaves it blank when it is not selected. As a result, if you want to filter on a Yes/No column, you need to set the filter to look for the appropriate value:
• To
filter on a selected (Yes) value, the filter would be
column is equal to
True (using the Filter Builder) OR
column=True (manually defining the
filter)
(replace “column” with the name of your column)
• To
filter on a non-selected (No) value, the filter would be
column is not equal
to True (using the Filter Builder) OR
column<>True (manually defining
the filter)
When you use a Choice column with Yes and No options, the
filter should be defined as:
column is equal to value (using the Filter
Builder) OR
column=value (manually defining the filter)
Balancing Your Filters
The Filter Builder works as expected with one, two, or any even number of clauses. However, it needs help with three, five, or any other odd number of clauses. In these cases, the filter must be balanced. Rather than having an odd number of clauses, you will need to add a “dummy” query to create an even number. The dummy query can be an "is not Null" check and exists only to even out the query to be built by the Filter Builder.
When You DON’T Want to Use the Filter Builder
The Filter Builder cannot be used to build the equivalent of this expression:
(A AND B) OR (C AND D)
If you want to create this type of filter, the filter will need to be defined manually.
Conversion to CAML
Any filters applied to CorasWorks roll-ups are automatically converted to Collaborative Application Markup Language (CAML). The Filter Builder only builds CAML filters.
This is the case for all filters built using the Filter Builder, and it is the default treatment for filters that are defined manually. There is a checkbox below the Basic Filter field that allows you to turn this option off, but the default is for this option to be selected (enabled). If you do not see the checkbox, click the “Click to manually build a filter” link at the bottom of the tab.
Filters built using the Filter Builder are converted to CAML when they are saved. Filters that are built manually are converted to CAML at run-time, with these exceptions:
• When the basic filter includes an apostrophe (‘)
• When both a basic filter and a CAML filter have been specified
• When a basic filter is entered and the Convert basic filter to advanced filter at run-time checkbox has been cleared
• When a CAML filter was manually entered that is too complex for the Filter Builder to display it
The benefit of CAML is that it applies the filter to list items before they are collected and stored by the web part and brings back only the items that match both the schema and the filter, thereby improving the web part’s performance. Basic filters, on the other hand, bring back all of the items that match the schema and then applies the filter at the roll-up level. CAML is particularly beneficial when roll-ups search through a large number of lists to locate data, yet the amount of data returned could be small. It is also useful for more complex filtering.
You do not need to know how to write CAML code; the conversion will be done automatically. However, if you prefer to manually define a CAML filter or if the filter you want to create is too complex for the builder GUI, you can access the Filtering tab on the administration interface and select the “Click to manually build a filter” link. A CAML field will be provided for your entry. Do NOT enter any CAML code in the Filter Builder.